Which statement is used to determine the set of statements to execute based on a condition?

The decision structure is the correct term to describe a statement that determines which set of statements to execute based on a condition. In programming, a decision structure allows a program to make choices, enabling different execution paths depending on whether a certain condition evaluates to true or false. This is essential for implementing logic in programs, as it allows for conditional operations, such as if-else statements or switch cases.

For example, in an if-else statement, the program evaluates a condition: if the condition is true, one block of code runs; if it's false, another block of code executes. This type of structure is foundational in programming, as it allows for dynamic behavior based on varying inputs or states.

Other terms provided may refer to related concepts, but they don't capture the intent as explicitly as a decision structure does. A conditional structure could imply a broader category of constructs that include decision-making processes; however, it's less precise in terms of defining the act of making a choice based on a condition. Similarly, a branching statement may refer to the syntax used for branching, but it doesn’t encompass the overall structure needed for decision-making, and execution path refers to the actual flow of control in a program rather than the mechanism for making decisions.