Which error type is encountered when a program logic does not conform to expected outputs?

A logic error occurs when a program runs without crashing, but it produces incorrect or unexpected results due to a flaw in the algorithm or reasoning implemented in the code. Unlike syntax errors, which prevent the program from compiling or running at all due to incorrect grammar or structure, logic errors allow the program to execute but lead to outcomes that do not match the intended operation.

For example, if the program is supposed to calculate the sum of two numbers but instead subtracts them due to a misplaced operator, this is a logic error. The code is syntactically correct, meaning it follows the rules of the programming language, but the logic behind the code is flawed, resulting in the wrong output.

Understanding that logic errors are related to the underlying logic and flow of the program emphasizes the importance of careful planning and testing in software development to ensure that the expected behaviors and outputs align accurately.