When a program encounters an issue with its logical statements, which term describes this problem?

A logical error refers specifically to a mistake in a program's logic that causes it to produce incorrect or unexpected results, even if the program runs without crashing. This type of error occurs when the intended algorithm or logic flow deviates from what was actually implemented, leading to results that do not align with the programmer’s expectations.

For instance, if a programmer intends for a loop to iterate over a list of numbers to calculate their sum but mistakenly includes an incorrect condition in the loop, the output will be wrong because the logic governing the loop execution is flawed. Logical errors can be particularly elusive because the program may still compile and run, but it won't produce the desired outcome.

In contrast, the other terms relate to different concepts. A logical fallacy pertains to flawed reasoning that may arise in argumentation rather than programming. A logical conclusion refers to an inference or result drawn from given premises or data. A logical operation involves specific operations performed on binary values in computing, such as AND, OR, and NOT, which is not directly related to the nature of errors in program logic.