What type of error is indicated when data calculations are incorrect?

When data calculations are incorrect, it often points to an arithmetic error. Arithmetic errors occur during the computation of numerical values. These can happen due to various reasons like incorrect formulas, mistakes in the way calculations are structured or implemented, or issues with the data types being used for arithmetic operations. For example, if a programmer mistakenly adds two variables instead of multiplying them, the result will be wrong, which is indicative of an arithmetic error.

Truncation errors, on the other hand, relate to the loss of precision when using floating-point numbers or rounding off numbers; these are not directly about incorrect calculations but rather about precision loss in representation. Logic errors typically arise from flaws in the program's logic, leading to unintended outputs even if the calculations themselves are performed correctly. Runtime errors occur when the program encounters issues while executing, such as divide-by-zero errors, rather than errors in the calculation itself. Thus, the context of incorrect data calculations aligns directly with arithmetic errors.