What occurs when the data has stepped out of bounds?

When data has stepped out of bounds, it specifically refers to instances where a program attempts to access data outside the limits or boundaries defined for a particular data structure, like an array or a list. This is what is characterized as a boundary error.

Boundary errors are common in programming, where programmers set up conditions or limitations for how data can be manipulated. If the program does not perform the necessary checks before accessing or operating on this data, it can lead to trying to access an index that does not exist, resulting in unpredictable behavior or crashes.

Understanding boundary errors is crucial for ensuring data integrity and program stability, especially in applications that handle dynamic datasets or rely on user input. Addressing boundary conditions during the development process helps prevent these types of errors, making programs more robust and reliable.