What is the function of the Central Processing Unit (CPU)?

The function of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) is to process instructions. The CPU is often referred to as the "brain" of the computer because it executes commands from programs and applications. It carries out the arithmetic, logic, control, and input/output operations specified by the instructions. This processing capability determines the performance of a computer system, as the speed and efficiency of executing these instructions directly affect how quickly and efficiently software applications run.

In contrast, while other components of a computer manage data storage, network traffic, and user interfaces, these tasks are specific to different hardware and software components. For instance, storage devices keep data, network interface cards handle data transmission over networks, and graphical user interfaces engage with users. Therefore, the specific role of the CPU is focused solely on the manipulation and execution of instructions, making it a fundamental aspect of computer architecture.