What is a possible outcome of improper data manipulation in a program?

Improper data manipulation in a program can lead to unintended behavior. This means that the program may not perform as expected or may produce incorrect results. For example, if data is improperly validated or modified, the outcomes of calculations or processes can diverge from the intended logic. Such unintended behavior may manifest as errors, crashes, or even security vulnerabilities, depending on how the data is used within the application.

In contrast, outcomes like increased efficiency, enhanced user experience, or improved security typically arise from correct and careful data manipulation. When data is manipulated properly, programs can run smoothly, be more responsive to user actions, and protect information effectively. Thus, unintended behavior is a clear and significant risk associated with improper data manipulation.